SPORT REPORT
Description: In this swimming report, we had to choose a sport and do research on it. We were supposed to research the sport we chose We had to read the history and rules of the game and write about it. I chose swimming and I had to look up the national handbook for swimming and rephrase it into my own words.
MY SWIMMING REPORT.
History:
The sport of swimming has been recorded since prehistoric times. The earliest recording of swimming dates back to Stone Age paintings from around 14,000 years ago. Written references date from 2000 BC. Swimming was part of the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 Summer Olympics, in Athens. In the first 4 Olympic competitions, swimming was held in open water rather than pools. In 1908, the world swimming association, FINA (International Swimming Federation), was formed.
Starting:
In freestyle, breaststroke, butterfly, and individual medley races, the swimmers all start with a dive. In freestyle and medley, the referee blows on the long whistle and the swimmers get to the staring platform. Then starter commands, "take your marks". The swimmers then move into their starting positions with at least one foot at the front of the starting platforms. When all the swimmers are ready, the starter gives the starting command.
In backstroke and medley relay races start from the water. When the referee blows the first long whistle, the swimmers dive into the water. At the referee's second long whistle the swimmers return to the starting positions. When all swimmers are back on their starting positions, the starter gives the command "take your marks". When all swimmers are ready, the starter gives the starting signal.
Penalty:
If a swimmer starts before the starter gives the starting signal, they are disqualified. If the starting signal is signed before the disqualification, the race continues. The swimmer is disqualified after completing the race. If the disqualification is declared before the starting signal, the signal is not given and the remaining swimmers are called back and the race starts again with the referee’s long whistle.
Freestyle:
In freestyle, the events are organized so that the swimmers may swim in any style except for individual medley or medley relay events. Freestyle means that the swimmers can swim in any way other than backstroke, breaststroke, or butterfly. To finish the race, some part of the swimmer must touch the wall at the end of each length. Some part of the swimmer must break the surface of the water throughout the race except when the swimmer in completely submerged in water for a turn. They cannot be submerged for more than 15 meters after the start and each turn. This type of swimming is most common.
There are 8 competitions that are swum in freestyle swimming.
Backstroke:
Before the starting signal, the swimmers line up in the water facing the starting end, with both hands on the starting grips. Standing on the gutter or bending the toes over the lip of the gutter is forbidden. When the signal for starting is given, the swimmers push off and swim on his back throughout the race except when making a turn. The normal position on the back can include a roll movement of the body up to, but not including 90 degrees from horizontal. The position of the swimmer’s head is not important.
Some part of the swimmer must break the surface of the water throughout the race. It is allowed for the swimmer to be completely submerged during the turn, at the finish, and for a distance of not more than 15 meters after the start and each turn.
When the swimmer is making the turn, some part of the swimmer’s body must touch the wall in his/her personal lane. During the turn the shoulders may be turned over vertically to the breast after a continuous single arm pull or a continuous double arm pull, which may be used to cause the turn. The swimmer must have returned to the position on the back upon leaving the wall.
In backstroke racing, there are different lengths.
Breaststroke:
After the start and after each turn, when the swimmer is completely under the water, the swimmer may take one arm stroke completely back to the legs. A single butterfly kick is allowed during the first arm stroke, which is followed by a breaststroke kick. From the beginning of the first arm stroke after the start and after each turn, the body is to be on the breast. It is not allowed for the swimmer to roll onto their back at any time. The stroke cycle must be one arm stroke and one leg kick from the start and throughout the race. All movements of the arm have to be aligned and on the same horizontal plane without alternating movements.
The hands should be pushed forward together from the breast on, under, or over the water. Except for the final stroke before the turn, during the turn and for the final stroke at the finish, the elbows should be under water. The hands have to be brought back on or under the water. The hands cannot be brought back beyond the hip line, except during the first stroke after the start and each turn.
During each complete cycle, some part of the swimmer's head must be above the water. The head must break the surface of the water before the hands turn inward at the widest part of the second stroke. The feet must be turned outwards during the propulsive part of the kick. A scissors, flutter or downward butterfly kick is not permitted.
At each turn and at the finish of the race, the touch shall be made with both hands at the same time, above, or below the water. The head may be under water after the last arm pull prior to the touch, provided it breaks the surface of the water at some point during the last cycle.
There are 8 types of common distances in competitive breaststroke swimming.
Butterfly:
From the beginning of the first arm stroke after the start and each turn, the body shall be kept on the breast. Kicking under the water is allowed. Swimmers are not allowed to roll on their back at any time. Both arms have to be brought forward together over the water and brought backward at the same time throughout the race. All up and down movements of the legs must be done at the same time. The legs or the feet do not need to be on the same level. A breaststroke kicking movement is not permitted. At each turn and at the finish of the race, the touch shall be made with both hands simultaneously, at, above or below the water surface.
At the start and at turns, the swimmer is allowed one or more leg kicks and put one arm under the water. A swimmer is allowed to be under water for no more than 15 meters after the start and each turn.
Medley:
In individual medley events, the swimmer needs to perform the strokes in the following order: butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, and freestyle. Each type of stroke covers one quarter of the race. In medley relay events, swimmers have to cover the strokes in the following order: backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly, and freestyle. Each section needs to be completed according to the rules that go along with each different type of stroke.
The Race:
All races must be held as separate gender events. The Swimmer must remain and finish the race in their given lane in which he/ she started. Interfering other swimmers by crossing their lane is disqualification. In all events, the swimmers must come into contact with the wall or end of the pool when turning and they are not allowed to make contact with the bottom of the pool. Pulling the lane rope is not allowed. No swimmer is allowed to wear any device or swimsuit that helps the swimmer in speed, buoyancy, or endurance during the competitions.
There are 4 swimmers on each relay team. In relay events the team of a swimmer whose feet lose touch with the starting platform before the proceeding team mate touches the wall is disqualified. the order of the team racing and members must be chosen before the race. A relay team may compete in a race only once. Failure to swim is disqualification.
Timing:
The operation of Automatic Officiating Equipment is under the control of appointed officials. Times recorded by Automatic Officials determine the winner. The placing and time determined have precedence over decisions of the time keepers. When Automatic Equipment is used, the recordings show up in 1/100 of a second.
Any timing device that is used by an official is considered a watch. There are 3 officials that keep time if it is done manually. If 2 out of 3 officials recorded the same time, the 2 identical shall be the time. If all 3 watches record the same time, the recording will be recorded. If there are only 2 officials working, the average of the time will be the score.
History:
The sport of swimming has been recorded since prehistoric times. The earliest recording of swimming dates back to Stone Age paintings from around 14,000 years ago. Written references date from 2000 BC. Swimming was part of the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 Summer Olympics, in Athens. In the first 4 Olympic competitions, swimming was held in open water rather than pools. In 1908, the world swimming association, FINA (International Swimming Federation), was formed.
Starting:
In freestyle, breaststroke, butterfly, and individual medley races, the swimmers all start with a dive. In freestyle and medley, the referee blows on the long whistle and the swimmers get to the staring platform. Then starter commands, "take your marks". The swimmers then move into their starting positions with at least one foot at the front of the starting platforms. When all the swimmers are ready, the starter gives the starting command.
In backstroke and medley relay races start from the water. When the referee blows the first long whistle, the swimmers dive into the water. At the referee's second long whistle the swimmers return to the starting positions. When all swimmers are back on their starting positions, the starter gives the command "take your marks". When all swimmers are ready, the starter gives the starting signal.
Penalty:
If a swimmer starts before the starter gives the starting signal, they are disqualified. If the starting signal is signed before the disqualification, the race continues. The swimmer is disqualified after completing the race. If the disqualification is declared before the starting signal, the signal is not given and the remaining swimmers are called back and the race starts again with the referee’s long whistle.
Freestyle:
In freestyle, the events are organized so that the swimmers may swim in any style except for individual medley or medley relay events. Freestyle means that the swimmers can swim in any way other than backstroke, breaststroke, or butterfly. To finish the race, some part of the swimmer must touch the wall at the end of each length. Some part of the swimmer must break the surface of the water throughout the race except when the swimmer in completely submerged in water for a turn. They cannot be submerged for more than 15 meters after the start and each turn. This type of swimming is most common.
There are 8 competitions that are swum in freestyle swimming.
- 50 m freestyle
- 100 m freestyle
- 200 m freestyle
- 400 m freestyle (500 yards for short course yards)
- 800 m freestyle (1000 yards for short course yards)
- 1500 m freestyle (1650 yards for short course yards)
- 4×50 m freestyle relay
- 4×100 m freestyle relay
- 4×200 m freestyle relay
Backstroke:
Before the starting signal, the swimmers line up in the water facing the starting end, with both hands on the starting grips. Standing on the gutter or bending the toes over the lip of the gutter is forbidden. When the signal for starting is given, the swimmers push off and swim on his back throughout the race except when making a turn. The normal position on the back can include a roll movement of the body up to, but not including 90 degrees from horizontal. The position of the swimmer’s head is not important.
Some part of the swimmer must break the surface of the water throughout the race. It is allowed for the swimmer to be completely submerged during the turn, at the finish, and for a distance of not more than 15 meters after the start and each turn.
When the swimmer is making the turn, some part of the swimmer’s body must touch the wall in his/her personal lane. During the turn the shoulders may be turned over vertically to the breast after a continuous single arm pull or a continuous double arm pull, which may be used to cause the turn. The swimmer must have returned to the position on the back upon leaving the wall.
In backstroke racing, there are different lengths.
- Olympic
Championships 100 meter
- Olympic
Championships 200 meter
- World
Long Course 50 meter
- World
Long Course 100 meter
- World
Long Course 200 meter
Breaststroke:
After the start and after each turn, when the swimmer is completely under the water, the swimmer may take one arm stroke completely back to the legs. A single butterfly kick is allowed during the first arm stroke, which is followed by a breaststroke kick. From the beginning of the first arm stroke after the start and after each turn, the body is to be on the breast. It is not allowed for the swimmer to roll onto their back at any time. The stroke cycle must be one arm stroke and one leg kick from the start and throughout the race. All movements of the arm have to be aligned and on the same horizontal plane without alternating movements.
The hands should be pushed forward together from the breast on, under, or over the water. Except for the final stroke before the turn, during the turn and for the final stroke at the finish, the elbows should be under water. The hands have to be brought back on or under the water. The hands cannot be brought back beyond the hip line, except during the first stroke after the start and each turn.
During each complete cycle, some part of the swimmer's head must be above the water. The head must break the surface of the water before the hands turn inward at the widest part of the second stroke. The feet must be turned outwards during the propulsive part of the kick. A scissors, flutter or downward butterfly kick is not permitted.
At each turn and at the finish of the race, the touch shall be made with both hands at the same time, above, or below the water. The head may be under water after the last arm pull prior to the touch, provided it breaks the surface of the water at some point during the last cycle.
There are 8 types of common distances in competitive breaststroke swimming.
- 25 yd Breaststroke (age group and club swimming for children 10 and under)
- 50 yd Breaststroke (usually age group swimming for children 12 and under)
- 100 yd Breaststroke
- 200 yd Breaststroke
- 25 m Breaststroke (age group and club swimming for children 10 and under, 25 meter pool only)
- 50 m Breaststroke
- 100 m Breaststroke
- 200 m Breaststroke
Butterfly:
From the beginning of the first arm stroke after the start and each turn, the body shall be kept on the breast. Kicking under the water is allowed. Swimmers are not allowed to roll on their back at any time. Both arms have to be brought forward together over the water and brought backward at the same time throughout the race. All up and down movements of the legs must be done at the same time. The legs or the feet do not need to be on the same level. A breaststroke kicking movement is not permitted. At each turn and at the finish of the race, the touch shall be made with both hands simultaneously, at, above or below the water surface.
At the start and at turns, the swimmer is allowed one or more leg kicks and put one arm under the water. A swimmer is allowed to be under water for no more than 15 meters after the start and each turn.
Medley:
In individual medley events, the swimmer needs to perform the strokes in the following order: butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, and freestyle. Each type of stroke covers one quarter of the race. In medley relay events, swimmers have to cover the strokes in the following order: backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly, and freestyle. Each section needs to be completed according to the rules that go along with each different type of stroke.
The Race:
All races must be held as separate gender events. The Swimmer must remain and finish the race in their given lane in which he/ she started. Interfering other swimmers by crossing their lane is disqualification. In all events, the swimmers must come into contact with the wall or end of the pool when turning and they are not allowed to make contact with the bottom of the pool. Pulling the lane rope is not allowed. No swimmer is allowed to wear any device or swimsuit that helps the swimmer in speed, buoyancy, or endurance during the competitions.
There are 4 swimmers on each relay team. In relay events the team of a swimmer whose feet lose touch with the starting platform before the proceeding team mate touches the wall is disqualified. the order of the team racing and members must be chosen before the race. A relay team may compete in a race only once. Failure to swim is disqualification.
Timing:
The operation of Automatic Officiating Equipment is under the control of appointed officials. Times recorded by Automatic Officials determine the winner. The placing and time determined have precedence over decisions of the time keepers. When Automatic Equipment is used, the recordings show up in 1/100 of a second.
Any timing device that is used by an official is considered a watch. There are 3 officials that keep time if it is done manually. If 2 out of 3 officials recorded the same time, the 2 identical shall be the time. If all 3 watches record the same time, the recording will be recorded. If there are only 2 officials working, the average of the time will be the score.
STANDARD
WHST.6-12.2' '
Write'informative/explanatory'texts,'including'the'narration'of'historical'events,'scientific'procedures/'
experiments,'or'technical'processes.'
a.''Introduce'a'topic'clearly,'previewing'what'is'to'follow;'organize'ideas,'concepts,'and'information'
into'broader'categories'as'appropriate'to'achieving'purpose;'include'formatting'(e.g.,'headings),'
graphics'(e.g.,'charts,'tables),'and'multimedia'when'useful'to'aiding'comprehension.'
'''''''''b.'Develop'the'topic'with'relevant,'wellFchosen'facts,'definitions,'concrete'details,'quotations,'or'other'''''
information'and'examples'
c.'Use'appropriate'and'varied'transitions'to'create'cohesion'and'clarify'the'relationships'among'ideas'
and'concepts.'
d.'Use'precise'language'and'domainFspecific'vocabulary'to'inform'about'or'explain'the'topic.'
e.'Establish'and'maintain'a'formal'style'and'objective'tone.'
f.''Provide'a'concluding'statement'or'section'that'follows'from'and'supports'the'information'or'
explanation'presented'
WHST.6-12.4'
Produce'clear'and'coherent'writing'in'which'the'development,'organization,'and'style'are'appropriate'to'
task,'purpose,'and'audience.'
WHST.6-12.5'
With'some'guidance'and'support'from'peers'and'adults,'develop'and'strengthen'writing'as'needed'by'
planning,'revising,'editing,'rewriting,'or'trying'a'new'approach,'focusing'on'how'well'purpose'and'audience'
have'been'addressed.'
WHST.6-12.6'
Use'technology,'including'the'Internet,'to'produce'and'publish'writing'and'present'the'relationships'between'
information'and'ideas'clearly'and'efficiently.'
WHST.6-12.7'
Conduct'short'research'projects'to'answer'a'question'(including'a'selfFgenerated'question),'drawing'on'
several'sources'and'generating'additional'related,'focused'questions'that'allow'for'multiple'avenues'of'
exploration.'
WHST.'6-12.8'
Gather'relevant'information'from'multiple'print'and'digital'sources'(primary'and'secondary),'using'search'
terms'effectively;'assess'the'credibility'and'accuracy'of'each'source;'and'quote'or'paraphrase'the'data'and'
conclusions'of'others'while'avoiding'plagiarism'and'following'a'standard'format'for'citation'
WHST.6-12.2' '
Write'informative/explanatory'texts,'including'the'narration'of'historical'events,'scientific'procedures/'
experiments,'or'technical'processes.'
a.''Introduce'a'topic'clearly,'previewing'what'is'to'follow;'organize'ideas,'concepts,'and'information'
into'broader'categories'as'appropriate'to'achieving'purpose;'include'formatting'(e.g.,'headings),'
graphics'(e.g.,'charts,'tables),'and'multimedia'when'useful'to'aiding'comprehension.'
'''''''''b.'Develop'the'topic'with'relevant,'wellFchosen'facts,'definitions,'concrete'details,'quotations,'or'other'''''
information'and'examples'
c.'Use'appropriate'and'varied'transitions'to'create'cohesion'and'clarify'the'relationships'among'ideas'
and'concepts.'
d.'Use'precise'language'and'domainFspecific'vocabulary'to'inform'about'or'explain'the'topic.'
e.'Establish'and'maintain'a'formal'style'and'objective'tone.'
f.''Provide'a'concluding'statement'or'section'that'follows'from'and'supports'the'information'or'
explanation'presented'
WHST.6-12.4'
Produce'clear'and'coherent'writing'in'which'the'development,'organization,'and'style'are'appropriate'to'
task,'purpose,'and'audience.'
WHST.6-12.5'
With'some'guidance'and'support'from'peers'and'adults,'develop'and'strengthen'writing'as'needed'by'
planning,'revising,'editing,'rewriting,'or'trying'a'new'approach,'focusing'on'how'well'purpose'and'audience'
have'been'addressed.'
WHST.6-12.6'
Use'technology,'including'the'Internet,'to'produce'and'publish'writing'and'present'the'relationships'between'
information'and'ideas'clearly'and'efficiently.'
WHST.6-12.7'
Conduct'short'research'projects'to'answer'a'question'(including'a'selfFgenerated'question),'drawing'on'
several'sources'and'generating'additional'related,'focused'questions'that'allow'for'multiple'avenues'of'
exploration.'
WHST.'6-12.8'
Gather'relevant'information'from'multiple'print'and'digital'sources'(primary'and'secondary),'using'search'
terms'effectively;'assess'the'credibility'and'accuracy'of'each'source;'and'quote'or'paraphrase'the'data'and'
conclusions'of'others'while'avoiding'plagiarism'and'following'a'standard'format'for'citation'